Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Tourism - Travel to Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
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| Quick Facts | |
| Capital | Skopje |
| Government | parliamentary democracy |
| Currency | Macedonian denar (MKD) |
| Area | total: 25,333 sq km water: 477 sq km land: 24,856 sq km |
| Population | 2,054,800 note: a Framework Agreement ratified by Macedonia on 16 November 2001 calls for a new census in 2002 (July 2002 est.) |
| Language | Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3% |
| Religion | Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3% |
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (abbreviated: F.Y.R.O.M.) is a landlocked country in the Balkans, in Southeastern Europe. It has Serbia and Montenegro to the north,Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, and Greece to the south, and is often known simply as Macedonia, despite the objections of the neighboring greeks who have their own Macedonia just across the border. The country controls a major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to the Aegean Sea and Southern Europe.
| Table of contents |
Regions in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Map of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Cities in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Skopje - Capital
- Administrative divisions
- 123 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Bac, Belcista, Berovo, Bistrica, Bitola, Blatec, Bogdanci, Bogomila, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Cair (Skopje), Capari, Caska, Cegrane, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Delcevo, Delogozdi, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dobrusevo, Dolna Banjica, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Skopje), Drugovo, Dzepciste, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Izvor, Jegunovce, Kamenjane, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Klecevce, Kocani, Konce, Kondovo, Konopiste, Kosel, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kuklis, Kukurecani, Kumanovo, Labunista, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Lukovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovi Anovi, Meseista, Miravci, Mogila, Murtino, Negotino, Negotino-Polosko, Novaci, Novo Selo, Oblesevo, Ohrid, Orasac, Orizari, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Podares, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Rostusa, Samokov, Saraj, Sipkovica, Sopiste, Sopotnica, Srbinovo, Star Dojran, Staravina, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Topolcani, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Velesta, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vitoliste, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Vratnica, Vrutok, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zeleno, Zitose, Zletovo, Zrnovci
note: the seven municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
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Climate in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain
Mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River- Natural hazards
- high seismic risks
- Elevation extremes
- lowest point: Vardar River 50 m
highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m
History of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (F.Y.R.O.M.) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995, and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, despite continued disagreement over F.Y.R.O.M.'s use of "Macedonia." F.Y.R.O.M.'s large Albanian minority, an ethnic Albanian armed insurgency in F.Y.R.O.M. in 2001, and the status of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.
- Independence
- 8 September 1991 referendum by registered voters endorsing independence (from Yugoslavia)
- National holiday
- Uprising Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint Elijah's Day and Ilinden
- Constitution
- adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
note: the Macedonian Parliament approved November 2001 a series of new constitutional amendments, strengthening minority rights
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Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Talk
- Languages
- Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
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Geography in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Geographic coordinates
- 41 50 N, 22 00 E
- Area
- total: 25,333 sq km
water: 477 sq km
land: 24,856 sq km - Area - comparative
- slightly larger than Vermont
- Natural resources
- chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
- Land use
- arable land: 23.59%
permanent crops: 1.85%
other: 74.56% (1998 est.) - Irrigated land
- 550 sq km (1998 est.)
- Environment - current issues
- air pollution from metallurgical plants
- Environment - international agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
People in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Population
- 2,054,800
- Nationality
- noun: Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian - Ethnic groups
- Macedonian 66.6%, Albanian 22.7%, Turkish 4%, Roma 2.2%, Serb 2.1%, other 2.4% (1994)
- Religions
- Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
Government in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Country name
- conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republika Makedonija
abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M.
local short form: Makedonija - Legal system
- based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
- Judicial branch
- Supreme Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament appoints the judges
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV
chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
consulate(s) general: New York
FAX: [1] (202) 337-3093
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3063
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence Edward BUTLER
embassy: bul. Ilinden bb, 1000 Skopje
mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)
telephone: [389] (02) 116-180
FAX: [389] (02) 117-103
- Flag description
- a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field
Economy in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Economy - overview
- At independence in November 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.6% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth recovered moderately in 2002 but unemployment at one-third of the workforce remained a critical problem.
- Industries
- coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses
- Agriculture - products
- rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
- Exports - commodities
- food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
- Imports - commodities
- machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products
- Currency
- Macedonian denar (MKD)
- Currency code
- MKD
- Exchange rates
- Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001), 65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997)
- Fiscal year
- calendar year
Communications
- Telephones - main lines in use
- 408,000 (1997)
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- 12,362 (1997)
- Radio broadcast stations
- AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
- Radios
- 410,000 (1997)
- Television broadcast stations
- 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
- Televisions
- 510,000 (1997)
- Internet country code
- .mk
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
- 6 (2000)
- Internet users
- 100,000 (2001)
Transportation in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Railways
- total: 699 km
standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified)
note: a 56-km extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovce line to the Bulgarian border at Gyueshevo is under construction (2001) - Highways
- total: 8,684 km
paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,144 km (1997) - Waterways
- note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
- Airports
- 17 (2001)
- Airports - with paved runways
- total: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
under 914 m: 8 (2002) - Airports - with unpaved runways
- total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 4 (2002)
Military
- Military branches
- Army (ARM), Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force
Transnational Issues in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- Disputes - international
- dispute with Greece over country's name persists; 2001 FYROM-Yugoslavia boundary delimitation agreement, which adjusts former republic boundaries, was signed and ratified and awaits demarcation; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo dispute legitimacy of the agreement, which cedes small tracts of Kosovo lands to FYROM
- Illicit drugs
- major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; while money laundering is a problem on a local level due to organized crime activities, the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
