London Tourism - Travel to London
London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. Located on the River Thames, in the south-east of England it has a population of around 9 million people, but swells to nearly double that with the influx of daily commuters.
"London" originally referred to the once-walled "Square Mile" of the original Roman (and later medieval) city. "London", however, has taken on a much larger meaning, to include all of the vast central part of the modern city, "London" having absorbed many of the surrounding villages over the centuries.
Reflecting the massive size of the metropolis, however, the term "Greater London" embraces central London together with all the outlying suburbs that lie in one continuous urban sprawl within the lower Thames River valley. Though densely populated by New World standards, London nonetheless retains large swathes of green parkland and open space, even in the city centre.
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Districts in London
Greater London consists of 32 local 'boroughs' which are the basis for London's local government. Some you may have heard of - like 'Camden' or 'Islington' - others you may not have, such as 'Hackney' or 'Tower Hamlets'. A traveler's London, however, is best defined by districts which don't necessarily correspond with boroughs, but rather with functional and cultural districts of varying types and sizes:
Understand London Tourism
There has been a city on the site since Roman times (if not earlier) and some Roman remains are still to be seen. It has a great history of theatre (home of the Rose and Shakespeare's Globe ) and plenty of other art & culture.
The Museum of London, located near the Barbican to the north of the City of London, makes an ideal destination (free admission!) for the traveller who wants to understand the history and ongoing legacy of this great city.
Like many big cities, London has a variety of social problems especially begging, drug abuse, theft (especially mobile phones), etc. London, however, manages to make do with a police force that doesn't need to carry guns (yet!), and is generally a safe place for the tourist to visit and walk around.
London is far and away the largest city in the country, eight times larger than England's 'second' city, Birmingham.
London dominates the economic, political and social life of the United Kingdom, much to the annoyance of people in the provinces (i.e. everywhere except London). It is full of excellent bars, theatres, museums, art galleries, and parks. It is also the most culturally and ethnically diverse part of the country, and for a visitor, a nice side-effect of this is the wide range of cuisines available. Samuel Johnson said "When one is tired of London, one is tired of life." Whether you are interested in ancient history or modern art, opera or underground raves, London has it all.
England's royal family have, over the centuries, added much to the London scene for today's traveler: the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, Kensington Palace, the Albert Memorial, the Royal Albert Hall, and Westminster Abbey spring immediately to mind.
London possesses one of the best collections of museums anywhere in the world. World cultures throughout history are well represented, for example, at the British Museum.
Londoners are a mixed bunch. On average, they are fairly private and quiet, even surly, but with no malice and a wicked sense of humour. Trying to get onto a packed bus will often involve quite a bit of cursing and pushing. Londoners don't take themselves or other people very seriously, as witnessed in the sport of "Blaine-baiting" which emerged briefly during the magician David Blaine's self-imposed incarceration at Tower Bridge during 2003.
London is easily the most expensive place to buy anything in Britain. Count on spending 30% more in London than in any place in Britain. The exception is much of the 'Home Counties,' the area immediately surrounding London, which are full of wealthy commuters on London salaries.
Get into London
Travel to London By Plane
London is served by five airports; getting to and from them is made relatively easy by the large number of public transport links that have been put in place over recent years. The details of the airports and links are:
- London Heathrow is London's largest airport, with services from most places world-wide. To get downtown, the following options exist:
- By the Heathrow Express high speed rail link between the airport and London Paddington Station. The service runs every 15 minutes and takes 15 minutes from terminals 1,2&3 or 23 minutes from terminal 4. £13 (single); £25 (return); TravelCards (see below) not valid.
- By the Piccadilly Line underground rail line from the airport to stations throughout central London. This takes around 50 minutes for the journey. £4 (single); TravelCards are valid.
- By taxi, the journey from the airport to central London will take approximately one hour. £46.00-£50.00.
- By car, the airport is some 17 miles west of central London.
- London Gatwick is London's second airport, also serving a large spectrum of places world-wide. To get downtown, the following options exist:
- By the Gatwick Express high speed rail link between the airport and London Victoria station. The service runs every 15 minutes and takes 30-35 minutes. £12 (single); £24 (return); TravelCards not valid.
- By other regular National Rail trains from the Airport rail station to London Victoria and various other stations in central London. To Victoria these run about four times an hour and take 35-40 minutes. £8 (single to Victoria); TravelCards not valid.
- By National Express bus services from the airport to Victoria Coach Station. £6 (single); advance ticketing required; TravelCards not valid.
- By car, the airport is some 29 miles south of central London.
- London Stansted is currently London's third airport, the base for a large number of budget carriers and flights within Europe and a few inter-continental flights. To get downtown, the following options exist:
- By the Stansted Express high speed rail link between the airport and London Liverpool Street Station. The service runs every 15-30 minutes and takes 45 minutes. £14 (single); £24 (return); TravelCards not valid.
- By the Terravision express bus from the airport to London Green Line Coach Station (see below). The service runs hourly and takes 75 minutes. £9 (single); £14 (return); TravelCards not valid.
- By car, the airport is some 35 miles north-east of central London.
- London Luton has traditionally been a holiday charter airport, but is now also served by some budget scheduled carriers. To get downtown, the following options exist:
- By National Rail. This airport does not have a dedicated rail link, but the there is a free shuttle bus from the airport to Luton Airport Parkway Station every few minutes and taking five minutes. From there, trains run four or more times an hour to London St Pancras and London Kings Cross Thameslink stations taking around 30 minutes. £11 (single); TravelCards not valid.
- By Green Line bus 757 from Luton Airport to London Green Line Coach Station. Buses run every 20 minutes and take 90 minutes. TravelCards not valid.
- By car, the airport is some 35 miles north of central London.
- London City Airport is a commuter airport close to the city's financial district, and specialising in short-haul business flights to other major european cities. To get downtown, the following options exist:
- By the London City Airport Shuttle bus service to London Liverpool Street Station. This runs every 10-15 minutes and takes 25 minutes. £6 (single); TravelCards not valid.
- By taxi, the journey will take about half an hour. £20.00-£35.00.
- By car, the airport is 6 miles east of central London.
- From 2005 onwards, by the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) extension which will connect the airport to the London underground.
Travel to London By Train
London is served by one international rail link, arriving at Waterloo International. These high-speed trains travel through the Channel Tunnel from Paris (2h40m) and Brussels (2h15m) and are run by Eurostar. Book well in advance to secure the best ticket deals. For onward travel Waterloo International is part of the Waterloo station complex (see below) and well served by tube lines, buses and taxis.
London is also well served by trains to/from other parts of the UK. There are no fewer than 12 main line terminal stations, forming a ring around Central London and each serving various parts of the country. Apart from Fenchurch Street, all are served by the tube network. All are served by buses and taxis.
For a detailed profile of each station, visit the Network Rail Stations website and select the appropriate station from the list at left.
In clockwise order the mainline stations are:
- London Paddington, serving the area to the west of London including Reading, Oxford, Bath, Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea, Exeter and Plymouth. Paddington is also the downtown terminus of the Heathrow Airport Express service (see above).
- London Marylebone, serving an area to the north-west of London and including services to Birmingham.
- London Euston, serving central and north-west England and western Scotland, including Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Carlisle and Glasgow. Also rail and ferry services to/from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
- London St Pancras, serving the East Midlands, including Leicester, Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield.
- London Kings Cross, serving north-eastern England and eastern Scotland, including Cambridge, Peterborough, Doncaster, Leeds, Hull, York, Newcastle upon Tyne, Edinburgh and Aberdeen.
- London Liverpool Street, serving East Anglia, including Cambridge, Ipswich and Norwich. Liverpool is also the downtown terminus of the Stanstead Airport Express service (see above).
- London Fenchurch Street, serving largely commuter towns on the north side of the Thames estuary, including Southend.
- London Bridge, London Cannon Street and London Charing Cross, all serving the area south and south east of London, including Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, Dover and Ramsgate.
- London Waterloo, serving the area south-west of London, including Portsmouth, Winchester, Southampton, Bournemouth, Weymouth, Salisbury and Exeter.
- London Victoria, serving the area south and south-east of London, including Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, Dover and Ramsgate. Victoria is also the downtown terminus of the Gatwick Airport Express service (see above).
Train times (to and from any location) can be found on the National Rail Planner or by calling 0845-748-4950 from anywhere in the UK.
Travel to London By Bus
Most international and domestic long distance bus services (UK English:coach services) arrive at and depart from a complex of coach stations off Buckingham Palace road close to London Victoria rail station. All services operated by National Express or Eurolines (see below) serve Victoria Coach Station, which actually has separate arrival and departure buildings. Services by other operators may use this station, or the Green Line Coach Station across Buckingham Palace Road. The following are amongst the main coach operators:
- National Express is by far the largest domestic coach operator and operates services to London from throughout England, Wales and Scotland. Advanced ticketing is required.
- Eurolines is an associate company of National Express, and runs coach services to London from various cities in Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and continental Europe. Advanced ticketing is required.
- MegaBus operates budget coach services to London (Green Line Coach Station) from several major cities. Tickets must be booked online and fares are demand responsive but can be very cheap (£1.50 if you book far enough in advance).
Get around in London
You can use Transport for London's nifty journey planner http://www.journeyplanner.org to help you plan your journeys around London on public transport.
TravelCard
A TravelCard is an all-in-one ticket that allows you travel on the Underground (the Tube), buses, trams and mainline rail services within set zones. Most travelers, for example would choose to buy a one day TravelCard that allows unlimited travel throughout zones 1-4 (all of central London, plus many outer suburbs like Richmond, Greenwich and Wimbledon) for £4.70 (Feb 2004). Other period travelcards such as a weekend, weekly, monthly and yearly are also available. The weekly, monthly and yearly tickets are issued in the new Smart/Swipe Card format (called an OysterCard) You can buy these tickets at Rail Stations, Tube Stations and selected newsagents. More info on the travelcard is available here http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/nftt_buying_london.shtml
Tube / Underground
The Tube, aka the London Underground, has trains that criss-cross London in the largest underground rail network anywhere in the world (it was also the first, starting in the 1860s). This mode of transport is usually the fastest way to get from one part of London to the another, the only problems being its relative expense (go for a Travelcard, if you can), and the fact that it can get quite crowded during the "rush hour". Take a bottle of water with you on warm days. Trains run from around 6am to about 1am at night. Tube maps are freely available from any station and most tourist offices.
Visitors should be aware that the Underground map is actually a diagram and not a map and can be misleading at indicating the relative distance between stations, as it makes central stations appear further apart. A Underground Map modified with walklines can be found at http://rodcorp.typepad.com/rodcorp/2003/10/london_tube_map.html
Bus
A one day bus pass can be purchased from local rail and tube stations, and also selected newsagents for the bargain price of £2.50, allowing you to make unlimited bus journeys for a whole day (and night - up till 4.30am (the next day) on the night bus network) across the whole of Greater London! Another good value-for-money option is to buy a book of Saver Tickets, which allow you to travel on any single bus journey for 70 pence (a book of 6 costs roughly £4.20)! This includes night buses. Another important factor on travelling by bus in the capital is that you must now buy your ticket in advance, i.e. you cannot buy a ticket when boarding the bus in central London.... you must either buy a Travelcard or bus pass or book of saver tickets, or else buy a single ticket fare (£1) from the ticket machines located at most bus stops (keep some change handy!) After about 12am the bus network changes to the Night Bus network, (the bus routes, numbers and timetable all change) with most of the buses radiating out from around the Trafalgar Square area to most outlying parts of Greater London. The 29 bus is most popular bus (day or night) in London and during the friday/saturday late nights between Central London & Wood Green, the N29 runs every 6 mins. The N25 holds the title of 'Longest bus route in London'. It goes a whopping 20 miles from Oxford Circus to Harold Hill... How fascinating(!)
Cycling
Thanks to the policies of Ken Livingstone (the current mayor of London), major improvements have been made for cyclists in the city, including many new cycle routes. Free cycle maps detailing these routes can be obtained from your local tube stations or ordered online here: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/streets/cycling/cycling-londoncycleguides.shtml
Taxi / Cab
The famous black cabs of London (NB: not always black in these days of heavy advertising!) can be hailed from the kerb (their yellow light will be on if they are picking up passengers) or found at one of the many designated taxi ranks.
Black cabs charge by the minute, so pray you don't get stuck in a traffic jam! There is usually a minimum charge, though if the journey is relatively short, it can work out cheaper than getting a minicab (a small saloon car used as a taxi), as minicabs normally charge a set price for a journey. You are advised not to travel with unlicensed minicabs for safety reasons.
A new convenient taxi-based service is Zingo - call 08700 700 700 and you will be connected direct with the driver of the nearest available black cab anywhere in London to arrange pickup. Normal meter fares apply + £1.60 for booking. http://www.zingotaxi.co.uk/
Car
Motorists should be aware that driving into Central London now costs money! The recently introduced Congestion Charging legislation means travelling into Central London by car now incurs a charge of £5 during the following periods Monday - Friday, 7am - 6.30pm (excluding public holidays). Failure to pay the charge by 12 midnight the same day incurs a hefty fine of £80 (reduced to £40 for payment within two weeks). More information on this charge can be found at http://www.cclondon.com/
See London
- London Theatre - go see a musical, play or comedy in London's Theatreland
- the London Eye - a giant wheel by the Thames with magnificent views
- the Tower of London - London's original royal fortress by the Thames, over 900 years old and a World Heritage site
- St Paul's Cathedral
- Shakespeare's Globe Theatre - Don't be fooled by how hokey it looks on the outside, the inside is much better. If you see a play here, it might be worth spending a little more for a place to sit down...standing in the yard for two and a half hours can take some of the fun out of the experience.
- Tower Bridge
- Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster - seat of the UK parliament and World Heritage site
- Somerset House - this magnificent 18th century building houses the collections of the Courtauld Institute of Art, Gilbert Collection and Hermitage Rooms. You'll also find shops, cafés, a restaurant and the spectacular Fountain Court, scene of public ice-skating in the winter.
- Maritime Greenwich - home of Greenwich Mean Time, the Cutty Sark and the Royal Observatory. A World Heritage site
Museums and Galleries
- the British Museum
- the National Gallery - and the National Portrait Gallery just 'round the corner
- the Museum of London
- the Tate Galleries - Tate Britain and Tate Modern
- the Victoria and Albert Museum
- the Natural History Museum
- the Science Museum
- the Sir John Soames House Museum
- the Saatchi Gallery
- the National Maritime Museum and Royal Observatory Greenwich
Do London
- Go on an open top bus tour of London. This is a good, albeit expensive, introduction to the sights of London. There are two principal operators (The Original Tour and The Big Bus Company) in close competition. Both provide hop-on/hop-off services where you can get off at any attraction and catch the next bus; both provide live commentaries in English and recorded commentaries in other languages (not necessarily on the same buses). Run every day except Dec 25 8.30am-6pm (earlier in winter). £16-£17 (adults); £8-£9 (children); online booking discounts may be available.
- If you don't feel like splashing out on one of the commercial bus tours, you can make your own bus tour by buying a TravelCard (see 'Get Around' section) and spending some time riding around London on the top deck of standard London Buses. Of course you don't get the open air or the commentary, but the views are very similar. You will likely get lost but that is half the fun; if it worries you go for the commercial tour. Every day except Dec 25/26. £4.30 (offpeak adult); £5.30 (peak adult); £2.60 (children); peak means before 9.30am.
- Go on a London Walking Tour - easily the best way to get to grips with different parts of the city. Walks are inexpensive (£5 full) for 2-3 hours of guided walks on a variety of themes: sights, history, ghost walks, etc.
- Visit one or more of the great Royal Parks, London's "green lungs" - in the centre, Hyde Park (the largest) and Kensington Gardens, Green Park, St James Park, Regents Park; further afield, Richmond Park, Bushy Park, Greenwich Park and Brompton Cemetery.
Eat - Travel to London
London is home to a vast spectrum of restaurants, cafés and food outlets serving cuisines from all the corners of the earth. For the desperate, London also has all the usual fast food options covered in the tourist areas and on every high street.
A convenient guide to eating around town can be found at London-Eating.co.uk.
Some nice areas to eat in London include:
- Brick Lane -- find many Indian and other Oriental (read: east of Europe) restaurants
- Chinatown -- well, the obvious.
Sleep - London Tourism
London has hundreds of options for accommodations-- from 4 star hotels, to apartment, to historic B&Bs to hostel beds. You can end up paying anything from 20-200 GBP per person. Your budget will have a lot to do with what part of London you will want to stay in. With the excellent tube around, where you stay won't limit what you see, but be sure to check where the closest tube station is to your hotel.
Some nice areas to stay in London include:
- Bloomsbury -- relatively quiet area with a range of accommodations. Many budget options are located on Argyle St. Note that it can get a little seedy beyond King's Cross station. Cartwright Gardens features a dozen small B&Bs in historic homes.
- London/Kensington -- The Earl's Court area of Kensington has many budget and modest accommodations.
Get out
- Brighton is a nearby beach resort town. £13 (adult off-peak day return by rail).
- Hampton Court Palace is a Royal Palace located on the outskirts of London.
- Winchester is former capital of England and an attractive cathedral city with lots to see. The train journey (from London Waterloo) gives good views of the southern English countryside and takes about one hour. £20 (adult off-peak day return by rail).
- Windsor is a nearby Thames-side town with a splendid castle and royal residence. £7 (adult off-peak day return by rail).
- the University cities of Oxford and Cambridge make for ideal days out of London
- Canterbury is the site of the foremost cathedral in England, constructed from the 12th to the 15th century. Entry to the cathedral costs £4, and it's certainly worth doing a guided tour for an additional £3. The famous white cliffs of Dover are only 15 miles further east, easily accessible by train.
External Links for London Tourism
- London: the Mayor of London, the London Assembly and the Greater London Authority - official website for all the arms of London government
- LondonTheatreDirect.com - London theatre tickets and attractions from official agents
- London OpenGuide
- London Tourist Board - the Official Visitor Site for London
- Historic days out in London

